cdixon 是谁
Programming, philosophy, history, internet, startups. Investing in web3 @ a16z
现在的身份是一个投资人，所在的投资机构为 a16z，a16z 是一家知名的投资机构，投资了很多有名的公司，如 twitter， Airbnb, Lytro, Jawbone, Belly, Foursquare, Stripe 等公司。
Chris Dixon (@cdixon) / Twitter
什么是 web 3
他在 twitter 写了如下的贴子，回答了为什么会有 web3，web 3 的特点，注意，web3 和 web 3 是完全不同的东西， web3 是以太坊的一个协议。
- Web 1 (roughly 1990-2005) was about open protocols that were decentralized and community-governed. Most of the value accrued to the edges of the network — users and builders.
Web 1（大约在 1990-2005 年）是一个开放的协议，去中心化和社区自治是他的特点，他的价值来源于互联网的用户和构建者。
- Web 2 (roughly 2005-2020) was about siloed, centralized services run by corporations. Most of the value accrued to a handful of companies like Google, Apple, Amazon, and Facebook.
Web 2（约 2005-2020 年）是一个割裂的，中心化的，被大公司运营的网络，大部分价值归于谷歌、苹果、亚马逊和 Facebook 等少数公司。
- We are now at the beginning of the Web 3 era, which combines the decentralized, community-governed ethos of Web 1 with the advanced, modern functionality of Web 2.
我们现在正迎来 Web 3 的黎明，它将 Web 1 的去中心化、社区自治精神与 Web 2 的先进性相结合。
- Web 3 is the internet owned by the builders and users, orchestrated with tokens.
Web 3是由构建者和用户拥有的互联网，用代币进行协作。
- Centralized platforms follow a predictable life cycle. At first, they do everything they can to recruit users and 3rd-party complements like creators, developers, and businesses.
中心化的平台遵循一个可预测的生命周期，起初，他们尽其所能的获取用户和合作伙伴，如创造者、开发者和企业。
- They do this to strengthen their network effect. As platforms move up the adoption S-curve, their power over users and 3rd parties steadily grows.
他们这样做是为了加强他们的网络效应。随着平台在S型曲线上的增长，他们对用户和合作伙伴的权力也在稳步增长。
- When they hit the top of the S-curve, their relationships with network participants change from positive-sum to zero-sum. To continue growing requires extracting data from users and competing with (former) partners.
当他们达到S型曲线的顶端时，他们与网络参与者的关系就会从合作者变成竞争者，为了继续发展，需要从用户那里获取更多数据，并与（前）合作伙伴竞争。
- Famous examples of this are Microsoft vs. Netscape, Google vs. Yelp, Facebook vs. Zynga, Twitter vs. its 3rd-party clients, and Epic vs Apple.
这方面有名的例子是微软对网景，谷歌对Yelp，Facebook对Zynga，Twitter对其第三方客户，以及Epic对苹果。
- For 3rd parties, the transition from cooperation to competition feels like a bait-and-switch. Over time, the best entrepreneurs, developers, and investors have learned to not build on top of centralized platforms. This has stifled innovation.
对于大公司的合作者来说，从合作到竞争的过渡感觉就像骗局(诱导转向)。随着时间的推移，最好的企业家、开发者和投资者已经学会了不在集中式平台之上进行建设，这已经扼杀了创新。
- Now let’s talk about Web 3. In Web 3, ownership and control is decentralized. Users and builders can own pieces of internet services by owning tokens, both non-fungible (NFTs) and fungible.
现在让我们来聊一聊 Web 3，在 Web 3 中，所有权和控制权是去中心化的，用户和构建者可以通过拥有代币来拥有互联网的服务，包括非同质化的的（NFTs）和同质化的。
- Tokens give users property rights: the ability to own a piece of the internet.
代币给予用户产权：拥有互联网的产权。
- NFTs give users the ability to own objects, which can be art, photos, code, music, text, game objects, credentials, governance rights, access passes, and whatever else people dream up next.
NFTs给予用户拥有万物的能力，这些可以是艺术、照片、代码、音乐、文本、游戏对象、证书、治理权、访问权，以及人们接下来梦想的任何其他东西。
- NFTs exist on top of blockchains like Ethereum. Ethereum is a decentralized global computer that is owned and operated by its users.
NFTs存在于以太坊等区块链之上，以太坊是一个去中心化的全球计算机，由其用户拥有和控制。
- Blockchains are special computers that anyone can access but no one owns.
区块链是任何人都可以访问的特殊计算机，但没有任何人能单独控制他。
- Ethereum is powered by a fungible token, ETH, which is used to incentivize the physical computers that underlie the system. ETH is also the system’s native currency for transactions, like NFT purchases.
以太坊由一种同质化的代币 ETH 驱动，它被用来激励支撑该系统的物理计算机与参与者，ETH也是该系统的原生交易货币，如NFT购买。
- There are many ways for users to acquire fungible and non-fungible tokens. You can buy them, but there are also ways to earn them.
用户有很多方法来获得可替代和不可替代的代币。你可以购买它们，但也有办法赚取它们。
- Uniswap famously retroactively airdropped 15% of its governance tokens to early users of the protocol. Community grants like this have become common in Web 3 as a way to build goodwill and incentivize adoption.
Uniswap把 15 % 的份额空投给他的早期用户，像这样的社区赠款在Web 3中已经变得很普遍，作为建立善意和激励的一种常见模式。
- You can also earn tokens through creative and entrepreneurial activities. For example, people are earning roughly $100M worth of ETH per day selling NFTs.
你也可以通过创意和创业活动获得代币。例如，人们每天通过出售NFTs赚取价值约1亿美元的ETH。
- Tokens align network participants to work together toward a common goal — the growth of the network and the appreciation of the token.
代币使网络参与者为一个共同的目标而努力，网络的发展和代币的升值。
- This fixes the core problem of centralized networks, where the value is accumulated by one company, and the company ends up fighting its own users and partners.
这解决了中心化网络的核心问题，即价值由一家公司所拥有，而该公司最终与自己的用户和合作伙伴对抗。
- Before Web 3, users and builders had to choose between the limited functionality of Web 1 or the corporate, centralized model of Web 2.
在Web 3之前，用户和构建者不得不在Web 1的有限功能或Web 2的公司化、中心化模式中做出选择。
- Web 3 offers a new way that combines the best aspects of the previous eras. It’s very early in this movement and a great time to get involved.
Web 3提供了一种全新的方式，结合了以前 web 1 和 web 2 的优点，现在 web 3 还处理这个运动的早期，是参与的最好时机。